Researched and written by Rhea Côté
Robbins, © 2001
"I believe that it is time to
introduce these French women pioneers. As a young lady once asked
me, 'Were there ever any?'"
-Corinne Rocheleau
The immigration of the French to the North American
continent, for the most part, does not take place with immigrants
passing through Ellis Island. The entry point for the French
immigrants, beginning in the early 1600s up until the conquest by the
English in 1765 for Quebec and the deportation in 1755 in Acadia, was
into Canada, also known as New France, and then immigrating via a
border crossing into the United States. The
French came to North America, New France, via the St. Lawrence River
and settled the many towns along the river. Québec,
Ville-Marie as Montréal was first
known, Isle d'Orleans and many more towns were the first homes to the
French. The French, and how they came to
be in the state of Maine and the Northeast via a land bridge, border
crossing, makes them a unique cultural immigration group.
They came for many reasons, some to stay in the
U.S. and some who returned to their homelands in Canada. Most of them
came to live and work and have been here for several generations. All levels of society immigrated to the U.S.: professional, clergy, religious, laborer,
merchant and more.
The long history of
immigration to the North American continent by the French culture,
since the 1600s, brings to
mind the question: Who were the
Franco-American heroines? The following
is an introduction to a play written by
Corinne Rocheleau, an early Franco-American women writer, which
was commissioned by the Cercle Jeanne-Mance in the early 1900s, and it
brings to mind the idea that there were heroines who made important
contributions to the settlement and development of the North American
continent. The legacy of these women
lives today in the Franco-American women of Maine.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
HISTORICAL SKETCHES & EXCERPTS FROM THE
LIVES OF THE PRINCIPAL HEROINES OF NEW FRANCE
As performed in Worcester, Massachusetts on
February 10, 1915
PREFACE
Some
say that a happy people have no history. If
this saying applies to individuals, we must believe that the first
French women in America were happy for we seldom hear about them.
We
have often discussed the major feats and accomplishments of the
French colonists, but we have left their "better halves" in
semi-darkness. I believe that it is
time to introduce these French women pioneers. As a young lady once
asked me, "Were there ever any?"
It
is truly sad that so few details survive concerning these courageous
women who confronted the dangers of long and stormy ocean crossings to
establish themselves in a strange and foreign country.
The centuries have practically erased all traces of
their footsteps on American soil.
To
find the names of these heroines, we must consult
the old records of Québec, of Montreal, of Detroit or
of New Orleans. If this proves to
be too much, we need only to look in the monumental
work "Dictionnaire
Généalogique de Tanguay" which
would prove to us that so many thousands of these pioneer women lived
and
died. A genealogical dictionary, however,
does not tell their stories.
But,
by studying the Canadian and American archives, these women appear
- almost like magic - from
their pages.
Taken aback by their beauty, their charm and dare I say
it,
their French mentality, I
have retrieved them - one by one - from the cloudy depths of history
where
they have been hidden - first of all for the sheer pleasure of admiring
them like cameos from the past and finally for the greater pleasure of
seeing
them reborn as interpreted by the members of the "Cercle Jeanne-Mance."
No
one asked me why I did not interpret Marie de L'Incarnation,
Marguerite Bourgeois and the "Soeurs Hospitalieres".
It is because these have been interpreted by
others more capable than I. It is
also because I thought it best to leave these religious sisters hidden
beneath their veils, in their cloisters, relegating to those who worked
alongside them - women such as Madame de la Peltrie
and Jeanne Mance - the
task of revealing the arduous life of these wonderful women.
Corinne
Rocheleau
Worcester,
Massachusetts - August 1915
As well as those women
mentioned above, the play is about heroines (which can all be
researched on the internet) such as:
Huron
Women
Mrs. Louis
Hébert
Guillemette,
her daughter, first female settlers in Québec
Mrs.
Samuel de Champlain
Mrs. de la
Peltrie
Mrs. de la
Tour,
baronne de St. Estienne
Lady in
Waiting
Jeanne
Mance
Mrs.
Jacques de Lalande
Mrs. Louis
Jolliet
Madeleine
de Vercheres
Jeanne le
Ber
Jeanne le
Ber's cousin
Mrs. de la
Mothe-Cadillac
and in the EPILOGUE
A Franco-American mother and her daughters
Marie and Françoise.
(Roy, 1999)
(Editor's
Note: To the above list, I would add Les Filles du Roi, the King's
Daughters)
Now,
a new book published in translation:
Rheta
Press presents--
*Canuck
and Other Stories
AND!
Wednesday's
Child
A
Franco-American
memoir
by
Rhea Côté
Robbins
http://www.rhetapress.com/
Now
almost a century has passed and we are to investigate the lives of the
Franco-American women and we too believe
that it is time to introduce these French women pioneers and to learn
more about their descendants.
Where would a
learner begin to look for the Franco-American women in the history of
Maine? Where would their presence be felt
and seen? Who are they and where have
they left their imprint? What was the
primary language for many of these women? Were
they French speakers exclusively, and when or where is the English
language introduced? What are the issues
of becoming a citizen of the United States when one is of the French
language and cultural heritage group? What
happens in the process of assimilation, or if not,
what does that mean for a women?
To begin with,
Franco-American women are not all the same.
Some are of Québéc heritage, some are Acadian,
Métis, Mixed Blood, French Canadian, 'Cajun, Creole and Huguenot.
FRANCO-AMERICAN
United States residents of
French heritage and culture (more than 10 million) having full or
partial expression of the North American French language and culture
reflecting at least two distinct historical experiences as well as
other distinctions.
Québec: Québec roots: History,
folklore, culture and language marked by
the Québec rural farm depopulation of the latter part of the
19th
century and first half of the 20th century and their
"overnight"
settling in urban textile manufacturing areas of the Northeast with
smaller
numbers in the wood cutting and farming economy.
Acadian: Acadian roots: History,
folklore, culture and language marked by the maritime--Nova Scotia, New
Brunswick and Prince Edward Island--historical home of their forebears
and the Acadian dispersion of 1755 and 1785. In the North East
they are found mostly in Maine's St John Valley with smaller
settlements elsewhere in Maine, in Massachusetts, Connecticut
Métis: A
person of mixed racial/cultural heritage--generally applied
to Native American and French American "métissage" of race and
culture.
People of mixed French Canadian and Indian heritage.
Mixed Blood: A
person of French and other cultural heritage(s).
French Canadian: An
older version defining the French population of the Northeast.
Comparable to Franco-American.
I include the next three
definitions because
of the possibility of comparison/contrast history being done with the
cultural
connection to the Maine Franco-American/Acadian heritage group:
'Cajun: Cajun is a person who descends
from Acadian exiles banished from Nova Scotia in the eighteenth century
and -- importantly -- all the ethnic groups with
whom those exiles and their offspring intermarried on the south
Louisiana frontier (for example, French, German, and Spanish settlers).
Creole: A Creole, however, is a native
south Louisianan whose ancestry is black, white, or mixed-race
(black-white, black-Indian, black-white-Indian), usually of
French-speaking heritage.
Huguenot: The Huguenots were French
Protestants who were members of the Reformed Church established in
France by John Calvin in about 1555, and who, due to religious
persecution, were forced to flee France to other countries in the
sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Considerable numbers of Huguenots
migrated to British North America, especially to the Carolinas,
Virginia, Pennsylvania, and New York. Their character and talents in
the arts, sciences, and industry were such that they are generally felt
to have been a substantial loss to the French society from which they
had been forced to withdraw, and a corresponding gain to the
communities and nations into which they settled.
The question
remains why this particular heritage group is of importance to address
in the Maine classroom. Sheer numbers of
immigrants coming from Québec and Acadian lands would warrant a
serious look at this cultural group.
Between 1840
and 1930 roughly 900 000 French Canadians left Canada to emigrate to
the United States, mostly to the Northeast. This important migration,
which has now been largely forgotten in Quebec's collective memory, is
certainly one of the major events in Canadian demographic history.
According to the 1980 American
census, 13.6 million Americans claimed to have French ancestors. While
a
certain number of these people may be of French, Belgian, Swiss, Cajun
or Huguenot ancestry, it is certain that a large proportion would have
ancestors who emigrated from French Canada or Acadia during the 19th
and 20th centuries. Indeed, it has been estimated that, in the absence
of emigration, there would be 4 to 5 million more francophones living
in Canada today. Around 1900,
there would scarcely have been a French-Canadian or Acadian family that
did
not have some of its members living in the United States. (Belanger,
1999)
[On-line]. Available:
http://www2.marianopolis.edu/quebechistory/readings/leaving.htm.
Accessed August 12, 2001.
The 4 to 5
million residents are now in the United States and 40% of the
population of the state of Maine is of French heritage.
Of these, many are women.
Where are the women and how
to study their contributions?
Geographically, the state of
Maine can be divided into Northern, Central, and Southern sections when
looking at the geographical gathering points for the Franco-Americans. Each section would reveal a history of rural,
urban, mill worker, professional, farmer, farmer's wife, life of the
religious, and more. There can be
templates of the inherent culture of each geographical section, but the
danger would be to allow stereotypes to define these women and their
lives. Under each category of cultural
geography there would be many subsets of history defining the lives of
the Franco-American women.
Each section would have a
cultural geography which is unique and similar to the larger cultural
definition of Franco-American historical perspectives.
Franco-American women have played a very important role
in the settlement and development of the entire state.
The challenge would be to learn the known contributors
and to further investigate the women of the various communities.
Starting in one's own family,
or community, conducting interviews of
the local women will reveal much about the history of their lives. Some women might tell the student
interviewing them that they have nothing of interest to say, but if
prompted, they have a wealth of information to share.
The women have not always understood the value of
their lives and their contributions. First
person accounts such as interviews would begin to
build a data base of the life stories of the women, their mamans, their
mémères, ma tantes, nieces and cousines.
Some of the suggestions, while
not exhaustive, for finding these women and their histories are to be
found in the following:
Farming
Wood Harvesting Operations
Small Town Residents
Cross-border citizenships
Nursing Home
Assisted Living Residences
Teacher
Nurse
Co-operatives
Religious Life
Mill Work
Retail
Homemaker
Motherhood
Single Woman Status
Married Woman Status
Divorced
Separated
Politics
Sports
Medicine
Midwife/Sage Femme
Writer
Journalist
Singer
Entertainer
Waitress
Public Monuments to women
Each section of the state
would also have women who have accomplished
exemplary achievements. Short
biographical histories have been recorded about some of these women and
much remains to be done. Some
of the women, such as Marguerite "Tante Blanche" Thibodeau of northern
Maine
is an example of one of the unsung heroines of the
Franco-American/Acadian
culture (see Resource List for web site).
Another example would be
Senator Margaret Chase Smith who was also of
Franco-American heritage--a little known fact that her mother was of
French
ancestry. Tracing the history
of such an influential woman as Chase Smith would reveal the size of
the
contributions that Franco-American women have made worldwide.
The Margaret Chase Smith Library has yet to recognize
her
Franco-American ancestry.
The first president of the
Maine Press and Radio Women was a Franco-American woman from Lewiston,
Maine. Her name was Charlotte Michaud.
That organization is still in operation today known as the Maine Media
Women. The history of this organization
is due in part to the dedication of the founding women, one of which
was a Franco-American.
These are only a few of the
examples of the women who are prominent and not always included in the
history books. Many, many more can be
discovered and recorded.
Another source of information
would be in primary documents within the family or community such as
letters, prayer books, recipe books, baby books, knitting or crochet
patterns, baptismal, First Communion, Confirmation records, cemetery
headstones, old newspapers, magazines as well as any other type of
record keeping that would help define these women and their often
silent, but dedicated existence. Family
and community folklore, stories, songs, plays, and other means of
recording the culture of a group who immigrated to the state of Maine. Histories of the many orders of nuns is also
a little known piece of the general history of Maine.
Each geographical area of Maine would have had their
own order of nuns, or even several orders doing work in the community. There are also Franco-Americans who have been
members of Protestant religions, both in the past and in the present. An example would be the French Baptist Church
in Waterville. Local town histories would
be a source of this kind of event.
What follows is a list, again
not exhaustive, of resources. Some will
have information on the Franco-American women, and some will not. This is a
caution to a student doing research.
Simply because an organization or individual offers Franco-American
cultural information, it may not be specific to the women of the
culture. In order to arrive at the
women's lives and their contributions, a student doing research must
focus specifically on the women and not on
the general culture. General
Franco-American cultural study does not go deep enough into the inquiry
to
reveal the women's lives.
Staying on topic, both in the interview and inquiry process, should be
a
criteria for the work being done on
Franco-American women's history.
There is no better time in
history to embark upon such a learning experience because of the
resurgence of the local communities and the Franco-American culture to
re-learn their histories. The field of
study is varied and rich in possibilities!
Resources
General:
Local Libraries
State Library
University Libraries
Genealogical Societies
Historical Societies
Festival Committees
Local Newspapers, present and
past
Auxiliaries to VFW, American
Legion
Church Organizations
Religious Orders
Church Histories/Archives
Town/City Records
State Archives
Local Historians
Private Collections/Museums
Art Museums
Arts Organizations
Mill Records
Military Records
Civic Organizations
Economic Organizations
Bingo Halls
Laundromats
Restaurants
Religious Stores
For a listing of sites:
A Necklace
of the
Franco-American
Jewels
of Maine & NH
http://www.fawi.net/maine.html
more:
Northern Maine:
Organizations:
Acadian Archives/archives
Acadienne
http://www.umfk.maine.edu/archives/
Evangeline 150th Anniversary:
Saint John Valley
http://www.fawi.net/Evangeline.htm
Tante Blanche Museum
http://www.fawi.net/tanteblanche.html
Acadian Festival, Madawaska,
Maine
http://www.townofmadawaska.com/cc.html
Bouchard Family Farm
http://www.ployes.com/
Acadian Village - The Virtual
Tour - Van Buren, Maine (Founder: Frances A. LeVasseur)
http://www.themainelink.com/acadianvillage/tour.html
St. John Valley Times, weekly
newspaper
http://www.sjvalley-times.com/index.cfm?event=home
People:
Don Cyr
Ida Roy
Lisa Ornstein
Geraldine Chassé
Ann Roy
Judy Paradis
Central Maine
Organizations:
Franco American Center /
Centre Franco-Américain, University of Maine, Orono, Maine,
publishes Le Forum
http://www.francoamerican.org/
Franco American Studies /
Études franco-américaines. University of Maine, Orono,
Maine
http://www.umaine.edu/francoamericanstudies/
Franco American Women's
Institute / l'Institut Femmes Franco-Américaine, Brewer, Maine
http://www.fawi.net/
Nos Histoires de L'Ile / Our
Stories of the Island French Island, Old
Town, Maine
http://www.old-town.org/nos/
Maine Folklife Center,
University of Maine, Orono, Maine
http://www.umaine.edu/folklife/
Historic Byways
http://www.francomaine.org/English/Histo/Histo_intro.html
one being the
Old Canada Road
http://www.francomaine.org/English/Histo/Canada/Canada_intro.html
Chaud-Bec Project
http://www.chaudiere-kennebec.com/
The French Connection,
Waterville, Maine
http://users.adelphia.net/~frenchcx/
People:
Paulette Anne Ducharme, OSU
E-mail: fiainfo@ccmaine.org
Rhea Côté Robbins
RJCR@aol.com
Paula Currie Raymond
Sylvanne Pontin
Linda Gerard de Simonian
Lisa Michaud
Susan Pinette
Amy Morin
Rober Chenard
Southern Maine
Organizations:
Acadian Roots, Rumford, Maine
Franco American Heritage
Collection
Centre d'Héritage
Franco-Américain
Lewiston-Auburn College,
Lewiston, Maine
http://usm.maine.edu/lac/franco/
Franco-American Studies
Program, University of Southern Maine,
Lewiston-Auburn College,
Lewiston, Maine
http://usm.maine.edu/lac/francoamericanstudies/
Portland Press Herald
http://www.happyones.com/franco-american/
Women Religious
http://www.fivemasks.com/sites/baberad/
Catholic Hospitals
http://www.portlanddiocese.net/catholic_hospitals_main.html
Church World, (Franco-American women
editors, writers, stories, lay and religious)
Contact
the Maine Diocese in Portland, Maine
People:
Marie Therese Martin
Juliana L'Heureux
Doris Provencher Faucher
Madeleine Giguere
Maureen Perry
Madeleine Roy
References:
Bélanger,
Claude, Department of History, Marianopolis College.
"French Canadian Emigration to
the United States, 1840-1930."
Available:
http://www2.marianopolis.edu/quebechistory/readings/leaving.htm
Roy, Jeannine Bacon, Trans, French
Women of North America , Translation, 1999. Françaises
d'Amérique
, 1915.
Bibliography:
Anctil,
Pierre, A Franco-American bibliography. New England, N.
H. : National Materials Development Center, 1979.
Anchors,
Nancy & Blazej, Barbara, Doing Diversity: Weaving
respect for differences in the fabric of children's lives,
University of Maine,
Orono, Maine, Peace Studies Program, 1995.
Author:
T. C. A scheme to drive the French
out of all the continent of America. [microform]
: Humbly offered to the consideration
of -- --, Esq; : This pamphlet came in the last ship from London to a
gentleman in Boston, and we hear it has been highly approved of, and is
recommended as very useful at this time to every friend of liberty. : New-England, : Re-printed and sold by D.
Fowle in Ann-Street, near the conduit., 1755.
Beaugrand,
Honore, Jeanne la Fileuse, National Materials
Development Center, 1980.
Baxandall,
Rosalyn and Gordon, Linda, w/Susan Reverby, eds, America's
Working Women: A Documentary History, 1600 to the Present (Revised
ed. W.W. Norton, 1995).
Bérubé,
Bernard Arthur, 1947- A comparison of
attitudes among Maine communities toward Franco-American civic status
and native language vitality. Orono, Me., 1986.
Brault,
Gerard J. The
French-Canadian Heritage in New England.
Hanover, NH:
University Press of New England, 1986.
Caffee,
Gabrielle Leboeuf. La
Canadienne : Memoires
of a Vanishing Culture.
Lanham, MD : University Press
of America, 1993.
Cather,
Willa, Shadows On The Rock, ISBN 0-679-76404-6
Center
for Cultural Exchange Study Guide Québec and Maritime
Canada: A curriculum resource for educators, The Center for Cultural
Exchange , Portland, Maine, 1999.
Chappell,
C.L., "The Pains I took to save my Family" : escape accounts
by a Huguenot mothers and daughter after the revocation of the Edict of
Nantes, French Historical Studies 22 (1999).
Chartier,
Armand B. The Franco-Americans of New England : a history
, Manchester, N.H. : ACA Assurance ; Worcester, Mass.: Institut
français of Assumption College, 1999.
Chassé,
Géraldine Pelletier, Reunion Family's
Favorite Recipes, Madawaska Historical Society, Madawaska, Maine,
1992.
Chopin,
Kate, The Awakening and Selected Stories, Penguin
Books, New York, NY, 1984.
Chopin,
Kate, Bayou Folk and A Night In Acadie, Penguin
Classics, New York, NY, 1999.
Chouinard,
Paule, «OEuvre et vie de Alice Lemieux-Lévesque
(1905-1983)», mémoire de maîtrise, 1983, v, 183 p.
Dir. : Benoît Lacroix. Cote : UdeM D. Thèses PQ 35 U54
1984 v.003; UdeM L.S.H. PQ 35 U54 1984 v.003; Microfilm; Centre
d'études québécoises.
Coté,
Gertrude, M. As I Live and Dream, A Dirigo
Edition, Manchester, Maine,
1953.
D'Andrea,
Vaneeta-marie, The women of survivance : a case study of
ethnic persistence among the members of Franco-American women's groups
in
New England , Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Connecticut, 1986.
DeRoche,
P. Celeste, 1960-,"These lines of my life" Franco-American
women in Westbrook, Maine, the intersection of ethnicity and gender
1884-1984 . Orono, Me., 1994.
DeRoche,
P. Celeste, "I Learned Things Today That I Never Knew Before:"
Oral History At The Kitchen Table in Oral History Review 23/2 (Winter,
1996): 45-61.
DeRoche,
Celeste, How wide the circle of we : cultural pluralism
and American identity 1910-1954, Thesis (Ph.D.) in
History--University of Maine, 2000.
Desjardins,
Lise A., 1960- An exploration into the health and
illness beliefs of a Franco-American community : the description of a
clinical reality . Orono, Me., 1995.
Doty,
C. Stewart. Acadian Hard Times: The Farm Security Administration in Maine's
St. John Valley 1940-1943. Orono, ME:
University of Maine Press, 1991.
Dumas,
Emma, Mirbah, National Materials Development Center,
1979.
Dumont,
Micheline, et al., The Clio Collective, Quebe Women: A
History , The Women's Press, Toronto, Canada, 1987. Translation by
Roger Gannon and Rosalind Gill.
Duval-Thibault,
Anna, Les Deux Testaments, National Materials
Development Center, 1979.
ECHOES
magazine, ISSN 1043-3341, ECHOES Press, Inc., Caribou, ME.
04736-0626.
"Emigration, a Franco-American
experience." Montreal : Ovo
magazine, 1982.
Displacement,
diaspora, and geographies of identity.
Durham : Duke University Press, 1996.
Fecteau,
Albert C, The French Canadian community of Waterville,
Maine, 1952, ii, 190 leaves, Thesis (M.A.)--University of Maine,
Bibliography: leaves 114-119, Orono : University of Maine, 1980.
Ferland, Jacques, " ' In
Search of the Unbound Promethea': a study of
female activism in Quebec cotton mills, 1870-1907," Labour/Le travail,
Spring
1993.
Field, Rachel. Calico Bush,
Bantam Doubleday, ISBN 0-440-40368-5.
The
Franco-American Women's Institute, http://www.fawi.net/
The
Franco-American Women's Institute Suggested Readings &
Bibliographies,
http://www.fawi.net/Suggested.html
Gastonguay, Alberte. La
Jeune Franco-Américaine, National Assessment and
Dissemination Center for Bilingual/Bicultural Education,
1980.
Gauvin,
Bertha Caron, Au Temps des Années Folles,
Self-published, Madawaska, Maine.
A
Franco-American overview.
Cambridge, Mass. : National Assessment and Dissemination
Center for Bilingual/Bicultural Education, 1979. Includes
bibliographies.
v.1./ compiled by Renaud S. Albert--v.2.Midwest and West / compiled by
André
Martin--v.3.New England (pt.1) / edited by Madeleine
Giguère--v.4.New
England (pt.2) /edited by Madeleine Giguère--v.5-8.Louisiana /
compiled
by Mathé Allain and Carl A. Brasseaux.
Guignard,
Michael J. (Michael James), La foi, la langue, la culture
: the Franco-Americans of Biddeford, Maine, [New
York?] : M.J. Guignard, 1982.
Hareven,
Tamara K. and Langenbach, Randolph. Amoskeag: Live and Work in an American Factory-City. New York: Pantheon,
1978.
Kempers,
Anne, Franco-American studies : a resource guide, Orono, Me. :
University of Maine at Orono, 1980, "An annotated bibliography of
materials about Franco-Americans and French Canada which are available
in the greater Waterville area."
Lanctot,
Gustave, Filles de joie ou filles du Roi,
Éditions du Jour, Saint-Denis, Montréal, Canada, 1966.
Landry,
Yves., Orphelines en France
pionnières au Canada: Les Filles du roi au XVIIe siècle
, Leméac Éditeur, Inc., Montréal, QC, Canada, 1992.
Lane,
Brigitte Marie, -American folk traditions and popular culture
in a former milltown : aspects of ethnic urban folklore and the
dynamics of folklore change in Lowell, Massachusetts. New York :
Garland Publishing, 1990.
Ledoux,
Denis. BIBLIOGRAPHY OF
FRANCO-AMERICAN WORKS, Lisbon Falls, Me. : Soleil Press, 1991.
Ledoux,
Denis, Lives in translation : an anthology of contemporary
Franco-American writings, Lisbon Falls, Me. : Soleil Press, 1991.
Le
Forum, ed. Lisa Michaud, Franco-American Center, University of
Maine, Orono, Maine, 1972 to the present.
Le
Maître, Yvonne, Littértature
franco-américaine de la Nouvelle-Angeleterre, Anthologie, Tome 5,
National Assessment and Dissemination Center for Bilingual/Bicultural
Education, 1981.
Lemieux-Lévesque,
Alice, (1906-1983) Livres de poésie: "Les
herures effeuillées," "Silences,"
et "L'arbre du jour," 1964 - Le Prix littéraire Champlain pour
Silence (poèmes).
Lemieux-Lévesque,
Alice (1906-1983), "Bonsoir Marie Noël"
in
Poésie, vol. 3, no 1, hiver 1968, p. 3-4
Lessard-Bissonnette,
Camille. Canuck.
Manchester, NH: National
Materials Development Center, 1980.
Longfellow, Henry
Wadsworth, Evangeline, ISBN 0-920852-13-0
Maillet,
Antonine, Pélagie, New Canadian Classics, ISBN
0-7736-7434-9
Maillet,
Antonine, La Sagouine, Translated by Luis de Cespedes,
Simone & Pierre, Toronto, Canada, 1985.
Martin,
Marie Thérèse Beaudet, My Grandmother's
Face/La Visage de ma Grandmérè, Wilton Publishing
Co., Wilton,
Maine, 1990.
Metalious, Grace, Peyton
Place, York, Messner [1956].
Metalious, Grace, Peyton
Place, Boston : Northeastern University Press, 1999.
Metalious, Grace, Peyton
Place ; and, Return to Peyton Place .
New York : Random House
International ; London : 2000 Description: 640 p. ; p., 23 cm.: English
Standard No: ISBN: 0517204770
Metalious,
Grace. No Adam in Eden.
London, Muller, Year: 1964 Description:
287 p. p. Language: English Class Descrpt: Dewey: 813.5.
Metalious,
Grace. The Tight White Collar. London : Pan Books,
Year: 1968 Description: 236 p. ; p., 18
cm.Language: English.
Metalious,
Grace. Return to Peyton Place. Publication:
Pan, Year: 1961 Description: 286 p. ; p., 18
cm. Language: English. Note(s): Originally
published Messner, 1960.
Nadeau-Single,
Lee, Annette : the story of a pioneer woman. New
York : Vantage Press, 1990, Edition: 1st ed.
Nos
Histoire de l'Ile: History and Memories of French Island, Old
Town, Maine, 1999.
O'Brien,
Kerry A., Consuming interests : class, ethnicity, and consumption
in Biddeford , Maine, 1890-1915, vii, 209 leaves : ill, Thesis
(M.A.)--University of
Southern Maine, 1993, Portland, Me. : University of Southern Maine,
1993.
Old
women's wisdom. [Presque Isle, Me.] Old Women's Wisdom, 1996.
Olivier,
Julien , D'la boucane : une introduction au folklore
Franco-américain de la Nouvelle-Angleterre.
Cambridge, Mass. : National Assessment and
Dissemination Center for Bilingual/Bicultural Education, 1979.
Pecoraro,
Elizabeth J., Using theatre arts skills to instruct
Franco American students: a creative dramatics approach, Orono,
Me., Thesis (M.A.) in Theatre--University of Maine, 1991.
Pelletier,
Cathie:
The
Christmas Note, by Skeeter Davis, Cathie Pelletier, Carl E. Hileman
(Illustrator), Reading level: Ages 9-12, Hardcover (November 1997),
Nashville Book; ISBN: 0966077601
A
Country Music Christmas, Publisher: Random House Value Publishing,
Inc., 1996.
Beaming
Sonny Home, Paperback - 288 pages (July 1997) Washington Square Pr;
ISBN: 0671001752
The Funeral Makers,
Paperback - 272 pages Reprint edition (May 1997)
Scribner;
ISBN: 0684826143
Once Upon a Time on the
Banks, Paperback Reprint edition (September 1991) Washington Square
Pr; ISBN: 0671724479
The
Weight of Winter, Publisher: Viking Press, 1991, Hardbound,
Edition: First edition.
The
Bubble Reputation, Crown Publishing Group, Incorporated, 1993, Hard
Cover, Edition: First Edition.
A
Marriage Made at Woodstock, Publisher: Crown, 1994, Edition: First
Edition
Widow's
Walk
(Poems).
also by
Pelletier:
Candles
on Bay Street, pen name, K. C. McKinnon, Hardcover - 230
pages 1 Ed edition (April 20, 1999),
Doubleday; ISBN: 038549128X
Dancing
at the Harvest Moon, pen name, by K. C. McKinnon, Mass
Market Paperback - 248 pages 1 ballanti edition (April 1999), Fawcett
Books; ISBN: 0449005275
Pelletier,
Raymond J and Freeman,
Stanley L., Manuel du professeur pour introduire les études
franco-americaines : Initiating Franco-American studies : a handbook
for teachers, Orono, Me. : a publication of the
Canadian/Franco-American Studies Project, University of Maine at Orono,
1981, 284 p. : map. ; 23 cm English and French, "Funds for the writing
of this Handbook were provided by the National Endowment for the
Humanities through Grant Number ES-3109-78-1272." Bibliography: p.
233-268.
Perreault,
Gene. Memories Grow On Trees/L'Arbre des Mémoires
, National Materials Development Center, 1980.
Perreault,
Robert B., One piece in the great American mosaic : the
Franco-Americans of New England. Manchester,
N.H. :Association Canado-américaine,
1976.
Petrie,
Lanette Landry, My Mother's Walls, Proof Positive
Press, Bradley Maine.
Pinette,
Susan., Alternative ethnographies : genre and cultural encounter in
early modern French texts, viii, 161 leaves, Dissertation: Thesis
(Ph. D., French)--University of California, Irvine, 1999.
Proulx,
E. Annie:
Postcards
(Scribner Classics)
Annie
Proulx, E. Annie Proulx / Hardcover / Published 1996
The
Best American Short Stories 1997 : Selected from U.S. and
Canadian
Magazines (Issn 0067-6233)
Annie
Proulx (Editor), et al / Hardcover / Published 1997
Close Range : Wyoming
Stories
Hardcover - 283 pages
Non-Illustrated edition (May 1999)
Scribner; ISBN: 0684852217
Accordion Crimes
Annie Proulx, E. Annie Proulx
/ Paperback / Published 1997
Heart Songs and Other
Stories
Annie Proulx, E. Annie Proulx
/ Paperback / Published 1995
The Shipping News
E. Annie Proulx; Paperback -
337 pages 1 touchsto edition (August 1994) Simon & Schuster
(Paper); ISBN: 0671510053
Cider : Making, Using &
Enjoying Sweet & Hard Cider
Annie Proulx, et al /
Paperback / Published 1997
Fiction, Flyfishing &
the Search for Innocence
Annie Proulx (Editor), et al /
Hardcover / Published 1994
Back to Barter : What'll
You Take for It?
Annie Proulx / Published 1983
Fine Art of Salad Gardening
Annie Proulx / Published 1987
What'll You Take for It? :
Back to Barter
Annie. Proulx / Published 1981
Provencher-Faucher,
Doris, Le Quebecois: The Virgin Forest,
ARTENAY PRESS, September, 2000, Trade paperback: 6 x 9, 272 pages, maps
and sketches, ISBN: 0-9679112-3-0
Quintal,
Claire, La femme franco-américaine --The
Franco-American woman, Worcester, Mass. : Institut français,
Assumption College, 1994.
Francophonies
d'Amérique, Par/by Les Presses du
l'Université d'Ottawa No. 7, in which articles by Claire Quintal
and Elizabeth Aubé appear on Franco-American Women: Aube, Mary
Elizabeth, "Canuck", nomade franco-americaine: Persistance et
transformation de l'imaginaire canadien-francais" in Francophonies
d'Amérique, no 7, 1997 (Issue on "Le(s) discours feminin(s) de
la francophonie nord-americaine", Estelle Dansereau, editor) p.
163-176.
Quintal,
Claire, "La federation franco-americaine ou comment les
Franco-Americaines sont entrees de plain-pied dans le mouvement de la
survivance" p. 177-191 in Francophonies d'Amérique, no
7, 1997 p. 177-191.
Quintal
Claire, Steeples and smokestacks : a collection of essays
on the Franco-American experience in New England.
Worcester, Mass. :Assumption College, Institut
français, 1996.
River
Revue/Review Rivière
, University of Maine at Fort Kent, Fort
Kent, Maine, ongoing.
Roby,
Yves. Franco-Américains de la Nouvelle-Angleterre:
Rêves et réalités.
Éditeur
: Septentrion, Sillery (Québec), Canada, Genre:
Population / Généalogie. 534 pages, ISBN 2-89448-164-0,
2000
Robbins,
Rhea Côté, Wednesday's Child. Brunswick,
Me. : Maine Writers & Publishers Alliance, 1997.. 2nd
Edition, Rheta Press, Brewer, 2001.
Robbins,
Rhea Côté, The River Review/La Revue rivière,
"Franco-American Women's Literary Tradition: A Central Piece in the
Region's
Literary Mosaic," University of Maine at Fort Kent, Fort Kent, Me. 1999.
Robbins,
Rhea Côté, L'Ouest Français et la
Francophonie Nord-Américaine, "De l'Ile à la Tortue,
à la
Nouvelle France, à la Nouvelle-Angleterre : lutte
pour
une identité vivable," Chapter 5 Something That Will Cure,
Presses
de L'Université d'Angers, Angers, France, 1996.
Robbins,
Rhea Côté, Petrie, Lanette Landry, Langellier,
Kristin , Slott, Kathryn , Je suis franco-américaine et
fière de l'être/I am Franco-American and proud of it : an
anthology of writings of Franco-American women, Women in the
Curriculum, University of Maine, Orono, Maine,1995.
Shideler,
Janet L., Camille Lessard-Bissonnette: The Quiet Evolution of
French-Canadian Immigrants in New England, Peter Lang Publishing
Group, New York, Vol. 14 ISBN,
0-8204-2833-7, hardback, 1998.
Sur
bois : Franco-American woodcarvers of northern New England.
Manchester, N.H. : Franco-American Centre Franco-Américain, 1996.
Terrio,
David S., A summer internship : some observations on the
Franco-American situation in Maine. [Augusta, Me. : Human Rights
Commission, 1978].
Toth,
Emily. Inside Peyton Place : the life of Grace Metalious,
Jackson : University Press of Mississippi, Year: 2000 1981: Standard No: ISBN: 1578062683 (pbk.); LCCN: 00-24660.
Toth,
Emily. Unveiling Kate Chopin, Jackson : University Press
of Mississippi, 1999.
Turbin,
Carole Working Women of Collar City: Gender, Class, and
Community in Troy, New York, 1845-86 (U of Illinois Press, 1992).
White
niggers of America.
Vallières, Pierre. Publisher
Toronto, McClelland and Stewart [c1971] Translation of Nègres
blancs d'Amérique: autobiographie précoce d'un terroriste
québécois Subject:
French-Canadians, Québec (Province) -- History -- Autonomy and
independence movements. Québec (Province) -- Social conditions. Alt titles Nègres blancs
d'Amérìque. White niggers
of America : the precocious autobiography
of a Quebec "terrorist"
"The
Chinese of the East" was used in a government report: Carroll
Wright, Massachusetts Bureau of Statistics of Labor Annual Report for
1881.computer [Bangor, Me.] : Maine Public Broadcasting, [1993?].
Rhea Côté
Robbins was brought up bilingually in a Franco-American
neighborhood in Waterville, Maine known as 'down the Plains.' Her maman came from Wallagrass, a town in the
northern part of the state and her
father was from Waterville. She has spent many years researching
the
origins and visiting the hometowns of her ancestors in Canada and
France.
Côté
Robbins was the winner of the Maine Chapbook Award for her work of
creative nonfiction entitled, Wednesday's Child . She
is a founder and Executive Director of the Franco-American
Women's Institute. She has written
a sequel titled 'down the Plains.'
She lives in Brewer with her
husband, David. They have three grown children.
| The Franco-American
Women's Curriculum was written in response to the proposal below:
Looking for teachers to help
work with the pilot program
Women in Maine History
Project
During the 2001-2002 school
year we plan to produce a curriculum guide on "Women in Maine History"
featuring women of African American, Franco-American,
Native American, Jewish and
other European descent, primarily from the working class. To accomplish
this we will organize an advisory group of women and girls who
will guide us in working
initially with teachers and students in five elementary, middle, or
high schools that have students representing the above backgrounds, to
identify
potential women from Maine
history, and to research their stories. The resulting guide will then
be made available to other schools in Maine.
The goal of Social Justice
& Truth in History is to promote recognition of the histories of
working class people, racial, and ethnic minorities and women. We want
students and the general public
to have a chance to explore American history as it really happened. Our
activities to date include producing materials for use in school
classrooms, making
presentations to schools and the community, participating in the Maine
Civil Rights Team project, and collecting oral histories of people from
marginalized groups living in
Maine.
For more information
contact:
Social Justice and Truth in
History P.O. Box 633 Monroe, Maine 04951 207-525-4538
sjth@mint.net
Looking for teachers in the
following area to help work with the pilot program:
Social Studies Maine Studies
American Studies U. S. Studies
|
|
